Today
we use our computers to do so many things. We go online to search for
information, shop, bank, do homework, play games, and stay in touch with
family and friends. As a result, our computers contain a wealth of
personal information about us. This may include banking and other
financial records, and medical information - information that we want to
protect. If your computer is not protected, identity thieves and other
fraudsters may be able to get access and steal your personal
information. Spammers could use your computer as a "zombie drone" to
send spam that looks like it came from you. Malicious viruses or spyware
could be deposited on your computer, slowing it down or destroying
files.
By using safety measures and good practices to protect
your home computer, you can protect your privacy and your family. The
following tips are offered to help you lower your risk while you're
online.
Install a firewall
A firewall is a software program or
piece of hardware that blocks hackers from entering and using your
computer. Hackers search the Internet the way some telemarketers
automatically dial random phone numbers. They send out pings (calls) to
thousands of computers and wait for responses. Firewalls prevent your
computer from responding to these random calls. A firewall blocks
communications to and from sources you don't permit. This is especially
important if you have a high-speed Internet connection, like DSL or
cable.
Some operating systems have built-in firewalls that may be
shipped in the "off" mode. Be sure to turn your firewall on. To be
effective, your firewall must be set up properly and updated regularly.
Check your online "Help" feature for specific instructions.
Use anti-virus software
Anti-virus software protects your computer from viruses that can destroy your
data, slow down or crash your computer, or allow spammers to send email
through your account. Anti-virus protection scans your computer and your
incoming email for viruses, and then deletes them. You must keep your
anti-virus software updated to cope with the latest "bugs" circulating
the Internet. Most anti-virus software includes a feature to download
updates automatically when you are online. In addition, make sure that
the software is continually running and checking your system for
viruses, especially if you are downloading files from the Web or
checking your email. Set your anti-virus software to check for viruses
when you first turn on your computer. You should also give your system a
thorough scan at least twice a month.
Use anti-spyware software
Spyware
is software installed without your knowledge or consent that can
monitor your online activities and collect personal information while
you surf the Web. Some kinds of spyware, called keyloggers, record
everything you key in - including your passwords and financial
information. Signs that your computer may be infected with spyware
include a sudden flurry of pop-up ads, being taken to Web sites you
don't want to go to, and generally slowed performance.
Spyware protection is included in some anti-virus software programs. Check your
anti-virus software documentation for instructions on how to activate
the spyware protection features. You can buy separate anti-spyware
software programs. Keep your anti-spyware software updated and run it
regularly.
To avoid spyware in the first place, download software
only from sites you know and trust. Piggybacking spyware can be an
unseen cost of many "free" programs. Don't click on links in pop-up
windows or in spam email.
Manage your system and browser to protect your privacy
Hackers
are constantly trying to find flaws or holes in operating systems and
browsers. To protect your computer and the information on it, put the
security settings in your system and browser at medium or higher. Check
the "Tool" or "Options" menus for how to do this. Update your system and
browser regularly, taking advantage of automatic updating when it's
available. Windows Update is a service offered by Microsoft. It will
download and install software updates to the Microsoft Windows Operating
System, Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, and will also deliver
security updates to you. Patching can also be run automatically for
other systems, such as Macintosh Operating System.
Use a strong password - and keep it to yourself
Protect your computer from intruders by choosing passwords that are hard to
guess. Use strong passwords with at least eight characters, a
combination of letters, numbers and special characters. Don't use a word
that can easily be found in a dictionary. Some hackers use programs
that can try every word in the dictionary. Try using a phrase to help
you remember your password, using the first letter of each word in the
phrase. For example, HmWc@w2 - How much wood could a woodchuck chuck.
Protect your password the same way you would the key to your home. After
all, it is a "key" to your personal information.
Secure your wireless network
If
you use a wireless network in your home, be sure to take precautions to
secure it against hackers. Encrypting wireless communications is the
first step. Choose a wireless router with an encryption feature and turn
it on. WPA encryption is considered stronger than WEP.1 Your computer,
router, and other equipment must use the same encryption. If your router
enables identifier broadcasting, disable it. Note the SSID name so you
can connect your computers to the network manually.2 Hackers know the
pre-set passwords of this kind of equipment. Be sure to change the
default identifier on your router and the pre-set administrative
password. Turn off your wireless network when you're not using it.
Remember
that public "hot spots" may not be secure. It's safest to avoid
accessing or sending sensitive personal information over a public
wireless network. You may also consider buying a mobile broadband card
that will allow you to connect to the Internet without relying on Wi-Fi
hot spots. A mobile broadband card is a device that plugs into your
computer, laptop, PDA, or cell phone and uses a cell phone signal to
provide high-speed Internet access. They are sold by cell phone
companies and require a monthly service plan.
Be careful if you share files
Many
consumers enjoy sharing digital files, such as music, movies, photos,
and software. File-sharing software that connects your computer to a
network of computers is often available for free. File-sharing can pose
several risks. When connected to a file-sharing network, you may allow
others to copy files you didn't intend to share. You might download a
virus or bit of spyware that makes your computer vulnerable to hackers.
You might also break the law by downloading material that is copyright
protected.
When shopping online, check out
the Web site before entering your credit card number or other personal
information. Read the privacy policy and look for opportunities to opt
out of information sharing. (If there is no privacy policy posted,
beware! Shop elsewhere.) Learn how to tell when a Web site is secure.
Look for "https" in the address bar or an unbroken padlock icon at the
bottom of the browser window. These are signs that your information will
be encrypted or scrambled, protecting it from hackers as it moves
across the Internet.
Parents, take control
Don't let your
children risk your family's privacy. Make sure they know how to use the
Internet safely. For younger children, install parental control software
that limits the Web sites kids can visit. But remember - no software
can substitute for parental supervision.