Today
 we use our computers to do so many things. We go online to search for 
information, shop, bank, do homework, play games, and stay in touch with
 family and friends. As a result, our computers contain a wealth of 
personal information about us. This may include banking and other 
financial records, and medical information - information that we want to
 protect. If your computer is not protected, identity thieves and other 
fraudsters may be able to get access and steal your personal 
information. Spammers could use your computer as a "zombie drone" to 
send spam that looks like it came from you. Malicious viruses or spyware
 could be deposited on your computer, slowing it down or destroying 
files.
By using safety measures and good practices to protect 
your home computer, you can protect your privacy and your family. The 
following tips are offered to help you lower your risk while you're 
online.
Install a firewall
A firewall is a software program or
 piece of hardware that blocks hackers from entering and using your 
computer. Hackers search the Internet the way some telemarketers 
automatically dial random phone numbers. They send out pings (calls) to 
thousands of computers and wait for responses. Firewalls prevent your 
computer from responding to these random calls. A firewall blocks 
communications to and from sources you don't permit. This is especially 
important if you have a high-speed Internet connection, like DSL or 
cable.
Some operating systems have built-in firewalls that may be
 shipped in the "off" mode. Be sure to turn your firewall on. To be 
effective, your firewall must be set up properly and updated regularly. 
Check your online "Help" feature for specific instructions.
Use anti-virus software
Anti-virus software protects your computer from viruses that can destroy your 
data, slow down or crash your computer, or allow spammers to send email 
through your account. Anti-virus protection scans your computer and your
 incoming email for viruses, and then deletes them. You must keep your 
anti-virus software updated to cope with the latest "bugs" circulating 
the Internet. Most anti-virus software includes a feature to download 
updates automatically when you are online. In addition, make sure that 
the software is continually running and checking your system for 
viruses, especially if you are downloading files from the Web or 
checking your email. Set your anti-virus software to check for viruses 
when you first turn on your computer. You should also give your system a
 thorough scan at least twice a month.
Use anti-spyware software
Spyware
 is software installed without your knowledge or consent that can 
monitor your online activities and collect personal information while 
you surf the Web. Some kinds of spyware, called keyloggers, record 
everything you key in - including your passwords and financial 
information. Signs that your computer may be infected with spyware 
include a sudden flurry of pop-up ads, being taken to Web sites you 
don't want to go to, and generally slowed performance.
Spyware protection is included in some anti-virus software programs. Check your 
anti-virus software documentation for instructions on how to activate 
the spyware protection features. You can buy separate anti-spyware 
software programs. Keep your anti-spyware software updated and run it 
regularly.
To avoid spyware in the first place, download software
 only from sites you know and trust. Piggybacking spyware can be an 
unseen cost of many "free" programs. Don't click on links in pop-up 
windows or in spam email.
Manage your system and browser to protect your privacy
Hackers
 are constantly trying to find flaws or holes in operating systems and 
browsers. To protect your computer and the information on it, put the 
security settings in your system and browser at medium or higher. Check 
the "Tool" or "Options" menus for how to do this. Update your system and
 browser regularly, taking advantage of automatic updating when it's 
available. Windows Update is a service offered by Microsoft. It will 
download and install software updates to the Microsoft Windows Operating
 System, Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, and will also deliver 
security updates to you. Patching can also be run automatically for 
other systems, such as Macintosh Operating System.
Use a strong password - and keep it to yourself
Protect your computer from intruders by choosing passwords that are hard to 
guess. Use strong passwords with at least eight characters, a 
combination of letters, numbers and special characters. Don't use a word
 that can easily be found in a dictionary. Some hackers use programs 
that can try every word in the dictionary. Try using a phrase to help 
you remember your password, using the first letter of each word in the 
phrase. For example, HmWc@w2 - How much wood could a woodchuck chuck. 
Protect your password the same way you would the key to your home. After
 all, it is a "key" to your personal information.
Secure your wireless network
If
 you use a wireless network in your home, be sure to take precautions to
 secure it against hackers. Encrypting wireless communications is the 
first step. Choose a wireless router with an encryption feature and turn
 it on. WPA encryption is considered stronger than WEP.1 Your computer, 
router, and other equipment must use the same encryption. If your router
 enables identifier broadcasting, disable it. Note the SSID name so you 
can connect your computers to the network manually.2 Hackers know the 
pre-set passwords of this kind of equipment. Be sure to change the 
default identifier on your router and the pre-set administrative 
password. Turn off your wireless network when you're not using it.
Remember
 that public "hot spots" may not be secure. It's safest to avoid 
accessing or sending sensitive personal information over a public 
wireless network. You may also consider buying a mobile broadband card 
that will allow you to connect to the Internet without relying on Wi-Fi 
hot spots. A mobile broadband card is a device that plugs into your 
computer, laptop, PDA, or cell phone and uses a cell phone signal to 
provide high-speed Internet access. They are sold by cell phone 
companies and require a monthly service plan.
Be careful if you share files
Many
 consumers enjoy sharing digital files, such as music, movies, photos, 
and software. File-sharing software that connects your computer to a 
network of computers is often available for free. File-sharing can pose 
several risks. When connected to a file-sharing network, you may allow 
others to copy files you didn't intend to share. You might download a 
virus or bit of spyware that makes your computer vulnerable to hackers. 
You might also break the law by downloading material that is copyright 
protected.
When shopping online, check out 
the Web site before entering your credit card number or other personal 
information. Read the privacy policy and look for opportunities to opt 
out of information sharing. (If there is no privacy policy posted, 
beware! Shop elsewhere.) Learn how to tell when a Web site is secure. 
Look for "https" in the address bar or an unbroken padlock icon at the 
bottom of the browser window. These are signs that your information will
 be encrypted or scrambled, protecting it from hackers as it moves 
across the Internet.
Parents, take control
Don't let your 
children risk your family's privacy. Make sure they know how to use the 
Internet safely. For younger children, install parental control software
 that limits the Web sites kids can visit. But remember - no software 
can substitute for parental supervision.